1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  
 
()
 :    : 100
:               
 
1.          
2. ()        
(b)           
3.     ? -       
4.    -   ?        
5.    '  
6. ''           
7.     ?       - -
          
2
Easy2Siksha
8.    ,      
GNDU  -2021
  
 
()
 :    : 100
:               
 
1.          
:       :   
               ' 
,        Econville      ' 
 : ,     ,       
           -,   ,
        
    ,           
              ,
   ,        
 1:    - !
  , "           , 
     ,     (AD)   "   
              :
  (C): ,     '    
  (I):,     '     
  ():  ,    '    
3
Easy2Siksha
  (NX):Econville       
 ,   
    '    
  , "    ,       ,
              , 
   ,      "
 2:       
    (Y)           :
Y=C+I+G+NXY=C+I+G+NXY=C+I+G+NX
     :
     (C),   ,    
      (I),      ,   
 
       (),      
    (NX)     ,     


        , "      
'     
    ."
 3:     
 ,                
    , "      ,    
         
       " 
     
  :
   
 ,      
   
 ,            
  ,   
            
    ,”   
 4:    ,  !
         , "     $100 
     ,  , $100 
      
        
       ' 
      ,        "
4
Easy2Siksha
   :
=11−MPC\text{Multiplier} = \frac{1}{1 - MPC}=1−MPC1
:
MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)         
  , "  
  ,       ,  
    ."
 5:  -   
              ( ) 
 ( )       :
AD=ASAD=ASAD=AS
  ,   :
           
    
,       
  
 6:   
                 
    ,      :
      '   
          
         
           , " 
               "
 7:  
 
               , " 
 
,     
."    ,   :
  (C)
   (I)
  ()   
 8:  !
     ,        
      ,    ,   ' 
 '             .
5
Easy2Siksha
     
  
 :          
   
   :          
  :       '     
   
 :   ,         
 
   - 
       
;      
         :
     
   
      

            
    ,     '   , 
         
   , Econville ,
      
     ,
    ,          
2. ()        
(b)           
:     
 ,      ,      , 
      ,            
              
      
       , 100  
 ,
     
       

 
 
        (   !)   
  
 
   ,            
6
Easy2Siksha
   :               
    
 ,         
 
        ,        : "
      "
                .
     
  19
       -     
      ()  
   :
       ,    
 
           
  :    
  (  ),      

       ,         () 
  
            ,     :  
  ,     .
     :  
 ,    ,   
        

,      
           
  ,            
,   :
1.     
2.        
3.           ()   
   ,    '           
        '           
     

          
   
      ,      :
         , 
     

7
Easy2Siksha
  ,            
   ',        -  ,   
  
      
  :  
          :
 
 
 
     :   
 ,   
 ,   

                

     :
          
          
          
      
          
            :    
      
    :   
         ,      

 ,     ,     :
1.    
    ?
            ,    
    ,          
,      
2.   ?
 ,       ,        
              
3.   ():
               
 ,      
 ,       
  

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Easy2Siksha
    
   ,         
     
              
      
  ,  ,   
      
 
     
1.  '  :
             
 ,   
,    ,   
.
2.    :
      ,           

3. -  :
      '        
,       
  
 :  
      .    
   ,  
         
        
         ,     

 ,     - 

     
          
  , 
     ,      
 
,   
 ,    
 -   
,  , ,           , 
             ,   

         
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Easy2Siksha
()           
   ,     ,       ,
             ,  
            :   (AD)  
 (AS)           -- 
    (AD):   
            
           :
      
         
         

       -      , , 
   -    (AD)     ,   ! AD  
 
     ;        , ,  
    ()       
     ?
AD      ,      :
1.  (C):      
2.  (I):       '   
3.   (): ,    '    
4.   (NX):      ()    
 () 
 

   ,          :
AD=C+I+G+(X−M)
 X    M  
   
AD   ! 
? 
        
       AD    :
1. :      
 ,      ,  AD.
     ,   AD  ,    
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Easy2Siksha
2.  :     (  )   ,     
 , AD   
3. :    
 ,         
 ,  ..
4. s:       ,      
    ,      
 .
   (AS):  
    ,     AS    
            :
   
 
    
 
   
 

       
     ,     (AS)
 
    
AS    ,   '   :
1. -   (SRAS):           
,        -
,      
        
2.      (LRAS):            
  (  ,   )        
    
   ?
AS   '       ,       
    :
1.  :        ,  AS  
2. :    
        ,  AS
 
3.   : 
    ,    
    ,  AS  
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Easy2Siksha
4.  :          ,  AS
 
AD  AS     
             
       :
1.   (  ):   
2.   :    
 : 
AD  AS    '            
          
 AD AS   ,      ,     ()
 AS AD   ,          , 
   ()
AD-AS :   
      AD-AS       
       :
1. -:  (   )
2. Y- :    (   )
3. :AD      ,  AS      
AD  AS     
   '  :
1.  :
  ,     ,  ..    ,
        
2.  
:
   -     AS 
  
  
 '      ,          
3.   :
     ,         
, ..      ,    AS 
 
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Easy2Siksha
  
 AD  AS     ,         :
1. :    ,  AD    
    
     ,        
2. : AD      (     ), 
   ,   
 
3.  :   ,       
 , AS

    
 
   
1.   :     AD  AS   
2.    :        ,   
     
3.   :      
  
      

           ,    
        AD        ,
 AS                  

 , 
  -        
 
EcoLand               
 
         ,   
AD  AS  
, EcoLand              
     !
3.     ? -       
:   - :   
  
    
       ,       , 
              :
13
Easy2Siksha
                
            ?
 1:    
 :
 " "            , 
         
 -        
,         ,       ,
      ,          
          ,     
     
 :
 ,            : "  
,      !"         
,       ,    '  
                
      '              

 2:    
 ,             ,     
  !      :
1.  1:             
               
       '        
          ,    
    
2.  2:    
        ,
             
  
   ,      
    
3.  3:            (  ),
   ,           
 ,           
        , -    
  
 !
14
Easy2Siksha
 3:-    
     :
1.  :
o    (   ,  ,  ) 
  ,           
o          (MPC) '   , 
              
 ,      80%   ,  
        50%   
2.  :
o      ,         

      
      
 ,         
o ,              
     
3.  :
o         ,    
    :
      (  )  

,        
   ( )       ,
      

,  ,  
 ,     
o          ,     
         
   
   ,          
        --      
 4: - 
-    :
1.      :    ,      
          '   
15
Easy2Siksha
  ( )   ,     
( )      
2.   :  ,      
       , 2008     , 
               
,       
 5:    
1.   :        ,    
       '       
 :
o  ()  ,   ()     
o 
   ()  ,      
 
  ()
2.   :           -
         ,   , 
            
  
 6:    
        ,   -   
 :
1. :
o     -      
        ,        

2.  :
o           ,   
   
3.  :
o           
        
16
Easy2Siksha
   ?
  ,             
       ,        
    ,         
      
 
1. :
o              
  
o     '         
 
2. :
o         ,  
   
o         '   
3.  :
o    ,        

 
o ,           
 
       , 
    

          
   ,   
           -    !
4.    -   ?        
:        
              -
            ,   ,   
 ,  
 ,         
   ,       -   
17
Easy2Siksha
               
 
   :  
  ,      ""    :
1. :  
     
      ,     
       
   ,   
 ,   
  
   
         
        ,       
  
,         ,    
.
2. :   
    
      
            
 
        '    
      ,       
   ,       
           ,      
3. :   
     
      ,     
       ,  
 ,      
          
  ,             !
4. :  
18
Easy2Siksha
-,        
   ,   '   .
   
           
         -    
   '   
  ,     ,      ,   
 
     :  '    
,    ,           
                 
    ,                  
     
     
1.   - 
o         
o        ,   ,   
          -      
    
o      
        , 
  ,        
2.  
o               



o :   ,      
   
            .
o :  ,    '  
 
 
              
          
3.   
o           
.  
, -    ,       

.
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o ,   (      )  
  ,       
        
            '   
 1:    
     
      
 , 
         '  ,   , 
 
       -     ,   
 
 
 2:  
  ,         .    
           
    
,      
 3:    
                
  '              .
 4:  
   ,             
          ""       .
 5:
,         -       
   ,      ,      
  ,      !
     
     
:
1.       
o  
      
 
    
 


2.        .
o              
            
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     

      
;          
   ,    
      
            
    
    
5.    '  
:   :   ,    
        ,         
                ,
   ,             
 "  " ,          
    (  )   
 
  
 ,      :
1.  : ,           

2.  :            
3.  :         .
                  
    
 
  ?
         (   ) 
 ,       :
1. -  :
   ,         ,  
        ,     
        ,        
  
o      :     
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2.   :
, ,               
      ,          
     .
o     :      
3.    :
 ,  ,  .         
,         
       
    ,            
o      :         '
    
   
    :        ,    
           :
     ,        
 
          
     ,        
  .      
    :           
 :  
   ,             
         
       

        
      
 ,    
     
Economica ,              
        ,          
          :       
,          '   
       
1.    :
    ,     ,     
     
    
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2.   :
     ,          
  ,      
  
           :
  '  
  '   
    
        ,   
  
    
1.    :
              
    
  
2.   :
                 
     
3.     :
            
    

           ,   
     '    
     ,
            
  ,              
6. ''           
:       :   
         ,          
    ,      ,        
   
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Easy2Siksha
   '    
      ,  '
  ,               
        ?        
                   
              
 
  ?
             ,    , 
                 
   ',                
(  )    ( )     
      :
1.    :    
2.  :  ,          
3.   :          

             
 ,    
               :    
     
 -    
 ! ?   .
    
               
      ,          10,000 
               :
 1:
,     ,          10,000  
           ,      
 
   -
     
 2:
       10,000    
  , 
      (   9,000 )      
     
 3:  

 9,000             ,    
   10,000      ,     9,000    
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Easy2Siksha
   ',       19,000  ,     
10,000   !
 4:  
     (8,100  )         ,  
,                
 ,           
 ,     
       ,       
 
    ?  
        '       
            
    
  10%           90%     
10%     
  10,000     :
o  1,000  (10%)    
o   9,000  (90%)   
      :
o    900  (10%)  
o   8,100  (90%)  
                 
   
 
   
                :
 ,     10,000      10% (0.1) :
 , 10,000      ,      100,000 

 
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  
 ?
1.  :           
,           
2.  :  ,         , 
    
3.  :     
 ,        ,
     
 
   
    ,      
 :
1.  :      ,       
     
   
2. :            
3.   :        ,   
           
      (    )   '   
               
 
     
      .        
          ,        
         ( )      , 
     (  )
:   
       ;         
 ,       ,     
   
    -    
,              .
   
  '          ,  , 
              
   !
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7.     ?       - -
          
:   :  
      
   
                
      , ,       

  ,    : ,          
  .     , "    
 ?"
              
    ,  
 ,         
  
  ?
                
     : -   ,        ,
        :
 , 100   
10    
 , 100   
 7    
  '  !
   ( 
 ?)
    
      ,     
         
 
1. -  (        )
          
       
     ,            
     
  
       ,  

 
 -      -        
2. -  (     )
                  
  '              
  
 -     -      ,  
   
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Easy2Siksha
3. -  (    )
                
           ,  , 
               

:        ,         
   
 -   -         
4.   (    )
                
   ,   ,         
         -          
   
 : - 
, ,  ,      - 
    
          :
    ,      ,   
 ,
              
    ,      ,     ,
    ,         ( 
)
     -      
    :
   ,     
   ,     
 
 ?
           ,    
     
 ,     ,     , 
      ,           ,
  ,      
   
     ,         
 
  :
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1970   ,        
    ,     
 
       
     

       (-  ),     

      (- ),     
          (- ),    

      :    ()   ,  ()
     -     !
8.    ,      
:  :     !
    ,  -   ,  ,    
        ,      ,
      ,        
(),        
    

  
   ( )
               
 ,               
                  ( 
   )      (       )  
    
          
     
 ,    -          
  ,  ,           
   
   ?
            (      
,      )       
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               
         ()        '
      ,         
          
      :
1.   :           

 .            
                
        
2.   :          
 . 
              
          ,      ,
            
   
,                 ,
      :
1.   :          
            ,  
'      
         
                
              
    ,       
2.    :        
 ,     ,        
              
      ,      '  
  
3.  :           
  ,          
  ,       
4.      :         
        -     !
       ,   ,   ,
          
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5.     :       (  
     )          
  ,    '         
 ,    -     
   
  
     ,  
    '  
              
       
1.    (...)
                  
       
      (  )   ,    
      ,        , 
   
 
      (  )   ,    
      ,       ,
   
 
2.   (  )
        '        
        ,     
 ,  
              
      ,      
        ,       ,  
              
 
3.   
             '       

        ,      
 ,
             , 
     
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        ,        ,
               ,
        
4.    (CRR)
   (CRR)                
  
        ,    
 , 
            
        ,    
 , 
              

 
5.    (SLR)
   (SLR) CRR   ,         ,
              ,
     
        ,   SLR   ,  
             
        ,   SLR 
 ,  
          
6.  
                  ,
  '     
         ,    

 
           ,  
   
 
:  
                

        ,   
  
     ,    ,    , 
    
  ,     ,   ,   ,
        ,        
32
Easy2Siksha
                  -
               ,  
,          
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         